7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing

7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing 7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing 7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing By Mark Nichol When referring to an entity anything from an object to an organization writers often confuse the name of the thing for the thing itself. Beware of the following types of composition confusion: 1. â€Å"GRID, an acronym for Generating Renewable Ideas for Development, offers job training for low-income individuals.† The acronym doesn’t offer job training; the organization does, so distinguish between the two, or simply parenthesize the full name by itself: â€Å"GRID (Generating Renewable Ideas for Development) offers job training for low-income individuals.† 2. â€Å"Being an â€Å"environmentalist† conjures images of outdoor concerns like driving a hybrid vehicle, protecting areas of natural beauty, or keeping trash out of landfills.† Being an environmentalist does no such thing; it’s the term itself that inspires the imagery, so make that distinction (and lose the annoying scare quotes): â€Å"The term environmentalist conjures images of outdoor concerns like driving a hybrid vehicle, protecting areas of natural beauty, or keeping trash out of landfills. 3. â€Å"With his talkie debut, as British secret agent Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even more popular in sound films than he had been during the silent era.† The sentence refers to the film, not the title character. When discussing the actor, a reference to the character distinct from the title is called for: â€Å"With his talkie debut, as the titular British secret agent in Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even more popular in sound films than he had been during the silent era.† 4. â€Å"The pre-emptive offer- a common term in corporate transactions- is hardly new.† The strategy is being equated with the term for it. However, the parenthetical should be worded to demonstrate the difference: â€Å"The pre-emptive offer- that’s a common term in corporate transactions- is hardly new.† 5. â€Å"Give credit to The Grudge remake for inspiring a wave of American versions of Japanese horror films.† Here, the definite article in the movie title is erroneously employed as an article in the framing sentence, but it cannot do double duty. Recast the sentence to include a separate definite article: â€Å"Give credit to the remake of The Grudge for inspiring a wave of American versions of Japanese horror films.† 6. â€Å"Mike is an Eagle Scout, a moniker he wears with pride and satisfaction.† In the initial phrase, â€Å"Eagle Scout† is not a moniker; it’s a type of Boy Scout. The second phrase should be revised to focus on the latter at the expense of the former: â€Å"Mike is an Eagle Scout, and he comports himself as one with pride and satisfaction.† 7. â€Å"Users can choose from any Web site that offers RSS feeds, short for Really Simple Syndication.† â€Å"RSS feeds† is not an abbreviation; the three letters constitute one. Introduce semantic distance between the service and the initialism for it: â€Å"Users can choose from any Web site that offers RSS feeds (RSS is short for Really Simple Syndication).† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesTry to vs. Try andDrama vs. Melodrama

Microsoft Word Tips Adding and Deleting Comments - Proofed

Microsoft Word Tips Adding and Deleting Comments - Proofed Microsoft Word Tips: Adding and Deleting Comments The comment function in Microsoft Word is a very useful tool. You can use it to leave comments for a proofreader before getting it checked, and you might receive feedback in comments if you are having your work edited. You can also use it to make notes while redrafting a document. It is, indeed, a comment. In all of these cases, though, you need to know how it works! Let us start with the basics†¦ How to Add a Comment To add a comment in Microsoft Word, you first need to select the text you’re commenting on with the cursor. Once you’ve done that, you have three options available: Go to the Review tab on the main ribbon and click New Comment Comment options. Right-click the text and click New Comment from the menu The contextual menu. Use the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + M (Windows) or Cmd + Alt + A (Mac) Any of these will add a new comment in the place selected (it will appear in the right-hand margin). You can then click the comment and write whatever you need to say. Reviewing Comments Microsoft Word also provides a few ways to interact with comments. These include the display options, the navigation buttons, and the Reply and Resolve buttons. The most important display option is the Show Comments button in the Comments section of the Review tab. This controls whether comments are displayed in full or as small speech bubbles that you need to click to open, which can be less intrusive while you’re working. A hidden comment. In addition, you can turn off comments completely by deselecting them in the Show Markup menu. The navigation buttons, meanwhile, let you cycle through each comment in your document quickly. To use these, go to Review Comments and click Previous or Next. Finally, we have the review buttons in the bottom right of each comment. Your two options here are: Reply – Allows you to respond to a comment by adding a nested comment underneath Resolve – Marks a comment as resolved when you have read and addressed it Nested comments. These last options are especially useful if you are working collaboratively on a document with others. How to Delete a Comment To remove a comment from a document, first select it and then either: Go to Review Comments and click Delete Right-click the comment and select Delete Comment from the menu And hey presto! The comment is gone. Alternatively, you can remove every comment in the document at once by going to Review Comments and clicking on the little down arrow to open a new menu, then selecting Delete All Comments. Make sure you are ready to do this, though, as you might end up deleting an important comment by accident if you don’t check first! Ready to delete!

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography Example Teams become effective and productive, whenever working on a similar task, since such groups can leverage off one another’s strong point and compensate weaknesses of other colleagues. Project team leadership explains individual roles. Leadership gets dispersed among the members of the team. Team leader leads members to lead themselves. Leaders can generate thought patterns, which are motivating and positive. Project team leadership embraces personal goal setting through self evaluation and observation. Goals can be attained through enhancing illuminating roles among team members. The book, Field Guide to Project Management has the importance of measuring and monitoring individual and team performance (Cleland, 2004, p. 398). Project team leadership should develop motivation using extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. Developing skills among team members requires team training and coaching. Global project management entails a framework which tackles the combined challenges in the virtual and distributed projects internationally. Global project management includes leading by exception. The book, Field Guide to Project Management, find many leaders or managers in different time zones, and locations to have detrimental meetings to initiate activities. It is recommendable to plan a vast project management tool for tracking that gives accurate information, right metrics, and maintains the status of the work efforts of everyone appraised. Create team synergies through strategic gatherings (Cleland, 2004, p. 12). A social on line application can be made to allow the team members recognize one another. Respect the numerous cultures, activities and holidays the team members take part in without allowing work boundaries sorting the home. Virtual project team gives a virtual growth of assets. Virtual project team requires core elements. Leadership provided should be robust and

Evans and Blackmores Decision Making Assignment

Evans and Blackmores Decision Making - Assignment Example It should be noted that as the acquisition of the new machine will entail discarding the old, all options will benefit from the revenue of selling the old machine. Due to equity considerations, this report opted to disregard the salvage value of the three machines on the sixth year. Since the salvage value of Models B and C cannot be determined, it is more rational to omit the revenue to be derived from the future sale of the machines. The payback period is one of the simplest ways in ascertaining the feasibility of an investment. This tool is used to determine the length of time that the company can recoup its cash outlay. Table 1 shows the computed payback period for the three options. Quantitative analyses show that Model C or the machine from France is the best choice as it has a relatively shorter payback period of 3 years and an NPV of 16,455. However, using the qualitative information supplied by the managers of Evans and Blackmore Model C is the worst choice as the company will be incurring a high training cost together with the lack of local maintenance firm to service the machine. The last factor mentioned is seen to erode the cost savings generated from the machine. It is irrefutable that maintenance services for a machine is very important as it will help the company fully realize the expected gains from Model C. In case of defects, it can be seen that the costs associated with finding a foreign maintenance firm to restore the machine can offset the high NPV and cause disruption in operation. This report recommends that Evans and Blackmore choose Machine A or the machine from USA. Model B is ruled out as it generates a negative NPV. The rationale of the choice is that Model A has a positive NPV though significantly lower compared to Model C. The presence of a local firm to maintain the machine is a significant advantage. 2.0 Make or Buy Decision The quantitative analysis of the make or buy decision faced by Evans and Blackmore is shown in Table 3. It can be seen that the increase in labor cost coupled with the decrease in material costs brought down the per unit cost to 51.94. The computed values are for 8000 units of component X. Table 3 shows that manufacturing 8000 units of component X will entail the company 415,520 while buying will give a cost of $480,000 ($400,000 for the components and $80,000 for stockholding.) Table 3. Make or Buy Decision This report favors the in-house production of component X instead of outsourcing it. The cost of manufacturing the component is relatively lower as shown in the above computation (Table 3). Another important consideration is the stockholding cost associated with outsourcing. It should be noted that the demand for component X is stable and there is even a possibility that

History Of Car Cooling System Engineering Essay

History Of Car Cooling System Engineering Essay In the earlier days, automobile compartments were first heated,ventilated and cooled by the obvious and primitive solutions.Ventilation was simple to arrange by opening car windows.However,the air entering was as hot,cold or dusty as the air outside,and so under poor conditions they were often kept closed. When the weather is cold, clay bricks were easy to warm up on to of a cast-iron stove, and could be placed in a box on the floorboards to provide heat as long as they remained warm.A more sophisticated approach was to purchase a small heater that burned coal or charcoal to warm the passenger compartment continuously. When the weather turned hot,most drivers simply put up with the discomfort,but more innovative travellers sometimes attempted to cool the passenger compartment by bringing along a block of ice.Neither solution was especially effective or convenient, and manufacturers soon discovered mechanism for automobile conditioning system.The first prototype was attributed by Karl Benz. Wilhelm Maybach designed the first honeycomb radiator for the Mercedes 35hp which was the very first successful vehicle with a cooling system. In 1941, 300 Cadilacs were manufactured with an air conditioning system.Chrysler also produces some of the cars that year with air-conditioning system.In 1948 the Automotive Refrigerated Air Conditioning(ARA) Company was first to offer aftermarket automotive air-conditioning systems.By the mid-1950s there were more than fifteen companies offering air-conditioning system in kit form. Latest Technology Automotive engines use the cooling system to achieve and maintain an optimum operating temperature range.An engine gives off enough heat to seize,melt and ignite it components.To prevent this type of severe heat damage, coolant is circulated through passages in the engine block and cylinede head,drawing away excess heat.Coolant is also part of the heating system.The heat absorbed by the coolant is used to warm the passenger compartment. The Cooling System concists of the following components:- I. Water pump II. Thermostat III. Radiator IV. Coolant recovery tank V. Engine fan(s) VI. Hoses VII. Core plugs VIII. Heater Core Water pump http://www.aa1car.com/library/water_pump_cutaway.jpg -On rear-wheel-drive vehicles,the water pup is located between the engine block and engine fan.On a few front-wheel-drive vehicles,the water pump is located at the rear of the engine.The water pump, uses centrifugal force to circulate the coolant,and consists of a fan shaped impeller set in a round chamber with curved inlet and outlet passages.The chamber is called a scroll because of the curved areas.The centrifugal design causes vehicles increase engine speed when the coolant temperature begin to rise. Thermostat -Any liquid-cooled car engine has a small device called the thermostat that sits between the engineand the radiator. The thermostat in most cars is about 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. Its job is to block the flow of coolant to the radiator until the engine has warmed up. When the engine is cold, no coolant flows through the engine. Once the engine reaches its operating temperature (generally about 200 degrees F, 95 degrees C), the thermostat opens. By letting the engine warm up as quickly as possible, the thermostat reduces engine wear, deposits and emissions. As it heats up, its valve opens about an inch, apparently by magic! If youd like to try this yourself, go to a car parts store and buy one for a couple of bucks. http://www.2carpros.com/images/articles/engine/cooling/thermostat/engine_therrmostat.jpg The secret of the thermostat lies in the small cylinder located on the engine-side of the device. This cylinder is filled with a wax that begins to melt at perhaps 180 degrees F (different thermostats open at different temperatures, but 180 F/82 C is a common temperature). 1.Thermostat Failure The thermostat is pretty simple and rarely causes problems, but when it fails the results can be disastrous. The worst case scenario is when the thermostat sticks shut, which can happen if the wax element has been damaged by previous overheating, corrosion or age. If it sticks shut, it will block the circulation of coolant between the engine and radiator causing the engine to overheat. If the thermostat fails to close, which can happen if the sensing element binds up, the return spring breaks or a piece of rust or debris jams it open, the constant flow of coolant through the thermostat will prevent the engine from reaching normal operating temperature. This can cause poor driveability in cold weather, a sharp increase in fuel consumption, little or no heater output, and accelerated blowby and ring and cylinder wear. 2.Thermostat Checks To check the thermostat, remove the radiator cap and start the engine while it is cold. Looking inside the radiator, you should see no movement of coolant. If you see movement, the thermostat is stuck open or is missing and repairs are required. After the engine has run for five minutes or so, the upper radiator hose should start to feel hot signaling that the thermostat has opened and the coolant is now circulating through the system. Inside the radiator, you should also see coolant movement. If there is no movement (and the engine starts to overheat), the thermostat is defective and needs to be replaced. A suspicious thermostat can also be tested by removing it from the engine and dropping it into a bucket of near boiling water. It should be closed when cold, then open once it hits the hot water, then close again after its been removed and allowed to cool. You can use a thermometer to check the exact opening and closing temperature. Radiator -A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. It is designed to transfer heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the air blown through it by the fan. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Automobile_radiator.jpg/220px-Automobile_radiator.jpg Most modern cars use aluminium radiators. These radiators are made by brazing thin aluminium fins to flattened aluminium tubes. The coolant flows from the inlet to the outlet through many tubes mounted in a parallel arrangement. The fins conduct the heat from the tubes and transfer it to the air flowing through the radiator. The tubes sometimes have a type of fin inserted into them called a turbulator, which increases the turbulence of the fluid flowing through the tubes. If the fluid flowed very smoothly through the tubes, only the fluid actually touching the tubes would be cooled directly. The amount of heat transferred to the tubes from the fluid running through them depends on the difference in temperature between the tube and the fluid touching it. So if the fluid that is in contact with the tube cools down quickly, less heat will be transferred. By creating turbulence inside the tube, all of the fluid mixes together, keeping the temperature of the fluid touching the tubes up so that more heat can be extracted, and all of the fluid inside the tube is used effectively. Radiators usually have a tank on each side, and inside the tank is a transmission cooler. In the picture above, you can see the inlet and outlet where the oil from the transmission enters the cooler. The transmission cooler is like a radiator within a radiator, except instead of exchanging heat with the air, the oil exchanges heat with the coolant in the radiator. Coolant Recovery Tank- -The coolant recovery tank, also called an overflow reservoir, is a tank that allows the coolant to expand without being forced out of the radiator. The tank can also ensure that the radiator is always full as it allows the radiator to be refilled as the engine cools. 1.Heating Up As the engine heats up, the coolant expands as its temperature increases. The increase in heat is accompanied by an increase in pressure. The radiator pressure cap, which uses a spring to maintain a seal on the radiator fill hole. Once the pressure reaches around 15 psi, the force of the spring is overcome, and the cap rises. As the cap rises, the opening of a tube is exposed. The coolant under pressure is forced through the tube into the recovery tank. 2.Cooling Down As the engine cools, the process works in reverse. Instead of pressure forcing coolant out of the radiator, a vacuum draws it back in. This keeps the coolant at the proper level throughout various engine temperatures. 3.Measuring Coolant Level The coolant level can be measured by a dipstick in the recovery tank. The dipstick has a range of hot and cold. The coolant level should be at the cold mark when the engine is cold, and hot when the engine has reached running temperature. 4.Boiling Over In the event that too much coolant is in the system, the recovery tank itself has a pressure cap that will allow the excess coolant to exit the vehicle. If the pressure builds too much inside the radiator and recovery tank, the expanding coolant will force the cap open enough for the excess pressure to be relieved. The use of an overflow tank is done for environmental reasons. It prevents a slightly overfilled radiator system from venting onto the ground. The use of an expansion tank, with a conventional radiator, adds a very small amount of additional coolant to the system. If this small amount of additional coolant is sufficient to correct an overheating engine, there is some other form of cooling system problem, which should be addressed. Cooling Fan -The cooling fan is only needed when engine temperature rises above a predetermined level or when there is an increased load placed on the cooling system (as when running your air conditioner). The rest of the time, running the fan would be a waste of electrical energy so it is turned off. Electric cooling fans are found on most front-wheel drive vehicles with transverse mounted engines as well as many late model rear-wheel drive vehicles. Electric fans are used on FWD cars because the fan doesnt require a belt drive and can be mounted independent of the engines location. Whats more, electric fans require less power to operate (for improved fuel economy and performance), theyre quieter, and they allow more precise control over cooling. By comparison, a mechanical belt-driven fan can require anywhere from 5 to 15 horsepower depending on engine speed and the size of the fan. Even with a fan clutch to reduce the drag at higher speeds, its still a lot of wasted power. 1.Fan Operation At highway speeds, there is usually enough airflow through the radiator that a fan isnt needed. So the fan usually only operates when the vehicle is sitting in traffic or driving at slower speeds. On older applications, the electric fan is controlled by a temperature switch located in the radiator or engine. When the temperature of the coolant exceeds the switchs rating (typically 195 to 235 degrees F), the switch closes and energizes a relay that supplies voltage to run the fan. The fan then continues to run until the coolant temperature drops back below the opening point of the switch. Most electric fans are also wired to come on when the A/C is on. Many vehicles also have a separate fan for the A/C condenser (dual fan systems). One or both fans come on when the A/C is on. In newer vehicles with computerized engine controls, fan operation is regulated by the engine control module. Input from the coolant sensor, and in many cases the vehicle speed sensor too, is used to determine when the fan needs to be on. CAUTION: Many electric fans are wired to come on anytime the engine is above a certain temperature, regardless of whether the engine is running or not. This means the fan may come on after the engine has been shut off. So keep your fingers away from the fan at all times unless the battery or fan motor wires have been disconnected. 2.Checking The Fan Four things can prevent a fan from coming on when it should: a bad temperature switch or coolant sensor (or problem in the switch or sensor wiring circuit); a bad fan relay; a wiring a problem (blown fuse, loose or corroded connector, shorts, opens, etc.); or a failure of the fan motor itself. Only the latter would require replacing the fan motor. One way to check the operation of the fan motor is to jump it directly to the battery. If it spins, the motor is good, and the problem is elsewhere in the wiring or control circuit. Another check is to test for voltage with a voltmeter or test light at the fans wiring connector. There should be voltage when the engine is hot and when the A/C is on. Hoses -Radiator hoses must be the correct size,material,and be kept in good repair.The upper and lower radiator hoses must be large enough to handle the maximum flow of coolant when the thermostat is fully open.The smaller heater hoses divert a portion of the coolant to and from the heater core.Additionally,the hoses must be of the specified type of material for high pressure,high temperature systems.Always inspect the hoses for any sign of damage when you service a cooling system.The rubber material of hoses becomes brittle and cracked form the severe heat of engine compartment. Core Plugs -Core plugs seal the holes used during the manufacturing process.The plugs are round discs of sheet metal pressed into openings on the side of the engine block that lead directly into the water jackets.These plugs may leak or pop out if the morning cooling system freezes or is not properly maintained.Core plugs tned to pop out if the block freezes.Originally it was thought that these plugs were designed for this reason,to lessen the pressure on the block and prevent it from cracking,which is why they are sometimes(incorrectly) referred as to freezed plugs. Heater core -You may not normally think of the heater core as part of the cooling system,as we generally consider the heater core as a compartment of the heating system.However, the heater core is directlyconnected to the cooling system by the heater hoses.A heater core failure can lead to other cooling system malfunctions. The heater core is a heat exchanger, and is constructed much like a radiator.It is mounted inside a housing assembly and is located either on the engine compartment cowl panel.As warmend coolant circulates through the heater core,the heater core fins absorbs heat.At the same time,a blower motor blows air across the heated core fins.The air absorbs the heat from the fins and the warm air is vented into the passenger compartment. Findings -Respondent 1,2,3

History of Psycology Essay

Before psychology there was philosophy. Descartes was around during the end of the Renaissance and in the era of revolutionary developments in science. Born in 1596 to a French lawyer, Descartes could understand more than most. When he was in his late 20’s, he resembled more of a scientist than a philosopher since he had studied physics, optics, geometry as well as physiology. The first to discover that lenses in one’s eyes are inverted by removing an ox’s eye, Descartes also believed in truth and was an active rationalist, meaning he believed the truth would emerge by careful use of reason and it became his modus operandi. This way to truth was also through the human capacity to reason. He created four rules he used to arrive at truth. He also was the best-known example of a dualist, giving way to accepting a clear partition between mind or soul and body. He believed that the body was like a well-oiled machine and the mind could have a direct influence on it. John Locke followed Descartes in 1632. He wanted to take epistemology, the study of human knowledge and obtaining it, to a more experimental based group of discipline. Locke spurned the idea of innate ideas, only â€Å"faculties†. Some ideas appeared so early in life that they used to believe they were innate but Locke declared that all of our knowledge was derived from experiences. Locke stated that the mind was like a white sheet of paper, blank but able to become something great. Experiences add to the paper by sensations and reflections. George Berkeley was another philosopher born in 1685. His work on vision was the first example of how empiricist thinking could be applied to the study of perception. Lastly there is David Hume. He built his knowledge around the base premise that all of our understanding is rooted in experience, or impressions vs.ideas. Impressions are basic sensations experienced daily such as feeling pain, seeing yellow or tasting saltiness. Ideas are faint copies of impressions but are not as vivid. Hume also offered three laws of association: resemblance, contiguity, and cause/effect. Resemblance meaning the look of one object can bring back memories or ideas of another item. Contiguity means intertwining two things together such as the smell of oranges and the west coast. The greatest of the laws is the law of cause/effect. If one idea causes another idea or memory, the cause reminds you of the effect i.e. burning your hand on the stove while making muffins. When seeing the scar, the memory of muffins will reappear. Hume also suggested that to conclude that A causes B, one must know 1. When A occurs, B must occur regularly, 2. A occurs before B, and 3. B doesn’t occur without being preceded by A. In the 19th century, psychology shifted from being philosophically based to being more scientific. Scientists and physiologists tried to show the world the reasons behind psychology were in fact based on the senses and the nervous system. One example is the Bell-Magendie law. Both Sir Charles Bell and Francois Magendie both were studying the roots of the postierior and anterior roots of the spinal cord and their functions. Bell was credited with the law because his research was published earlier, though limited, and Bell did not conduct an experiment like Magendie did on puppies. They discovered that the posterior roots control sensation where there is movement still but no sensation. Magendie then severed the anterior root in another animal and the limb was flaccid and unable to move though it still had sensation. To conclude, the science of psychology has always been a changing domain from philosophy to the sciences. It will continue to grow and develop as the world changes and shifts. Descartes started the ball rolling by studying optics and how to arrive at the truth with his four laws. Locke showed the world that it is nurture vs. nature that shapes a person. Hume gave us the three laws of association. In the 19th century psychology developed to include sciences. All of these philosophers and scientists shaped the psychology field to what it is today.

Globalization And Its Impact On Modern Society - 1242 Words

Since the early 1990’s, the term globalization has become a bit of a buzzword, prevalent in the speech of policy makers, popular press, and academic journals. It is used frequently to describe the †¦. . Its consistent use has led many people to a certain understanding of it most basic meaning, but it is an immensely complex concept that can not be truly understood at the top layer of meaning which is prevalent among general society. There are multiple varying definitions for the globalization phenomenon. Many people argue that the process of globalization has contributed to a metaphorical â€Å"flattening† of our world, destroying absolute spatial differentiation. The hyperglobalist economists believe that we have come to live in a ‘global village’ society in which is close to the destruction of spatial differentiation and thus, the study of geography. The idea is that our differences are declining and our culture is homogenizing. However, this belief relies on the assumption that modern globalization mechanisms can be considered completely global. It is difficult to refute the argument that there are currently millions of people who have not seen or been affected by even the most fundamental advancements and compression that go along with globalization. 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